細胞的整個蛋白質組成或蛋白質系統的研究。相對于基因組學，蛋白質組學旨在認識細胞內全部表達蛋白，包括數目、水平和表達蛋白的更新，它們的序列和一切轉譯后對序列的修飾，以及蛋白與蛋白、蛋白與其它分子之間在細胞內、細胞膜和細胞外的相互作用。蛋白組學分析方法包括分離和提純蛋白；測序部分或完整序列；識別功能和與其它分子之間的相互作用。蛋白組數據和基因組數據相結合可以幫助人們評估這個學科中出現的新的潛在靶子。

The study of the entire protein complement or protein universe” of the cell. Mirroring genomics, proteomics aims to determine the entire suite of expressed proteins in a cell. This includes determining the number, level and turnover of all expressed proteins, their sequence and any post-translational modifications to the sequence, and protein-protein and protein-other molecule interactions within the cell, across the cell membrane, and among extracellular (secreted) proteins. Methods for proteomics analysis include isolating and extracting proteins (via two-dimensional electrophoresis or high-performance liquid chromatography); determining their partial or complete sequence (via mass spectrometry); and determining their function and interactions with other molecules. The correlation of proteomics data with genomics data is expected to help to validate the many new potential targets emerging from this discipline.